Unlocking Your Financial Future How to Make Money
Sure, I can help you with that! Here's a soft article on "Make Money with Blockchain," split into two parts.
The digital revolution has brought about seismic shifts in how we conduct business, communicate, and, increasingly, how we manage our finances. At the forefront of this transformation lies blockchain technology, a decentralized and transparent ledger system that underpins cryptocurrencies and a host of other innovative applications. While the technical intricacies of blockchain might seem daunting, its practical implications for earning potential are becoming clearer and more accessible than ever before. If you've been hearing the buzz and wondering how you can tap into this burgeoning ecosystem to make money, you're in the right place. This exploration will demystify the various avenues available, from the well-trodden paths of cryptocurrency investment to the more novel frontiers of decentralized finance and the vibrant world of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs).
The most common entry point into the blockchain money-making landscape is, undoubtedly, through cryptocurrency investment. Bitcoin, the pioneering digital currency, may have captured the headlines, but the universe of cryptocurrencies, often referred to as altcoins, has expanded exponentially. These digital assets represent a new class of investment, distinct from traditional stocks or bonds. Their value is driven by a complex interplay of technological innovation, market demand, investor sentiment, and adoption rates. For those looking to generate returns, there are several primary strategies.
Trading cryptocurrencies is perhaps the most active approach. This involves buying cryptocurrencies at a lower price and selling them at a higher price, capitalizing on price fluctuations. This can range from day trading, where positions are opened and closed within a single day, to swing trading, holding assets for days or weeks to capture larger price movements. Success in trading requires a deep understanding of market analysis, including technical indicators (charts, patterns) and fundamental factors (news, project developments). It also demands a high degree of discipline, risk management, and emotional control, as the crypto market is known for its volatility. Platforms like Binance, Coinbase, and Kraken offer robust trading interfaces, but it's crucial to start with a small amount and educate yourself thoroughly before committing significant capital.
A more passive, yet potentially lucrative, approach is long-term holding, often referred to as "HODLing." This strategy involves buying cryptocurrencies with the belief that their value will significantly increase over an extended period, typically months or years. The rationale behind HODLing is that as blockchain technology matures and adoption grows, the underlying value of well-established cryptocurrencies will appreciate. This method requires patience and conviction, as investors must be prepared to weather market downturns. It also involves choosing cryptocurrencies with strong fundamentals, innovative use cases, and dedicated development teams. Research is paramount here; understanding the whitepaper, the team behind the project, and its potential impact on the broader market is key to identifying assets with long-term growth potential.
Beyond simply buying and selling, another avenue for making money with cryptocurrencies is through staking. Staking is a process in some blockchain networks (particularly those using a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism) where you lock up a certain amount of your cryptocurrency to help validate transactions and secure the network. In return for your contribution, you earn rewards, typically in the form of more of the same cryptocurrency. This is akin to earning interest on your savings account, but with the potential for higher yields. Platforms like Lido, Rocket Pool, and various exchange staking services facilitate this process. However, it's important to be aware of the risks, such as the possibility of "slashing" (losing some of your staked assets if your validator misbehaves) or the price volatility of the staked asset itself.
Similarly, lending your cryptocurrency is another way to generate passive income. Many decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms and centralized exchanges allow you to lend your digital assets to borrowers. In return, you receive interest payments, often at competitive rates compared to traditional finance. Platforms like Aave, Compound, and even some crypto exchanges offer lending services. The risks here include smart contract vulnerabilities, platform insolvency, and, of course, the inherent volatility of the underlying cryptocurrency. Thorough due diligence on the platform and understanding the terms and conditions are critical before lending out your funds.
The blockchain ecosystem is not solely about cryptocurrencies. The technology itself is enabling entirely new economic models, and participating in the growth of new blockchain projects can be a source of income. This can involve Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), Initial Exchange Offerings (IEOs), or Security Token Offerings (STOs). These are methods for new blockchain projects to raise capital by issuing their own tokens. Participating in these early-stage offerings can offer the potential for significant returns if the project succeeds. However, this is also one of the riskiest forms of investment, as many new projects fail. Scrutinizing the project's viability, the team's credibility, and the tokenomics is crucial. Regulatory scrutiny is also increasing, so understanding the legal implications in your jurisdiction is important.
Beyond direct investment, there's also the opportunity to earn cryptocurrency by contributing to the blockchain ecosystem. For example, mining was the original way to earn Bitcoin, where powerful computers solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions and create new blocks. While Bitcoin mining is now largely dominated by large-scale operations with specialized hardware, smaller cryptocurrencies might still be mineable with more accessible equipment. Another way to earn is by providing liquidity to decentralized exchanges (DEXs). This involves depositing pairs of cryptocurrencies into a liquidity pool, which then facilitates trading on the DEX. In return, you earn a share of the trading fees generated by the pool. This can be very profitable, especially during periods of high trading volume, but it also comes with the risk of "impermanent loss," where the value of your deposited assets can decrease compared to simply holding them.
Finally, for those with technical skills, developing decentralized applications (dApps) or contributing to open-source blockchain projects can lead to direct compensation through grants, bounties, or even equity in new ventures. The demand for skilled blockchain developers, smart contract auditors, and blockchain architects is immense, and these roles often come with attractive salaries and opportunities.
As we delve deeper into the blockchain realm, it becomes clear that "making money" is not a monolithic concept. It's a spectrum of opportunities, each with its own risk-reward profile and required skill set. Whether you're a seasoned investor looking for new asset classes or someone just beginning to explore the digital frontier, blockchain offers a compelling landscape for wealth creation. The key lies in education, careful planning, and a willingness to adapt to this rapidly evolving technological frontier.
Continuing our exploration into the multifaceted world of making money with blockchain, we've touched upon the foundational aspects of cryptocurrency investment and earning through active participation. Now, let's pivot to some of the more innovative and rapidly expanding sectors within the blockchain ecosystem, particularly Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and the exciting realm of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). These areas, while perhaps more complex, offer unique and often higher-potential avenues for financial growth and creative expression.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) represents a fundamental reimagining of traditional financial services, built on blockchain technology. Instead of relying on intermediaries like banks, brokers, or insurance companies, DeFi platforms utilize smart contracts to automate and decentralize financial operations. This opens up a world of possibilities for earning yields that often surpass those found in conventional finance, albeit with a proportionally higher risk profile.
One of the most prominent ways to make money in DeFi is through yield farming. This involves strategically moving your crypto assets between different DeFi protocols to maximize returns. Protocols offer incentives in the form of their native tokens to users who provide liquidity or lend assets. Yield farmers aim to capture these rewards, often compounding their earnings by reinvesting earned tokens. This can involve complex strategies, such as providing liquidity to a decentralized exchange (DEX), staking the resulting liquidity provider (LP) tokens on another platform for governance tokens, and then selling or staking those governance tokens. The allure of high Annual Percentage Yields (APYs) is strong, but it's crucial to understand the underlying risks, including smart contract bugs, impermanent loss, and the potential for token price collapses.
Providing liquidity to DEXs, as mentioned earlier, is a core component of DeFi. Platforms like Uniswap, SushiSwap, and PancakeSwap rely on users to deposit pairs of assets into liquidity pools. Traders then use these pools to swap one token for another. In exchange for providing these assets and enabling trading, liquidity providers earn a percentage of the trading fees generated. The amount earned depends on the trading volume of the pool and the proportion of the pool you contribute. While seemingly straightforward, the risk of impermanent loss – where the value of your deposited assets decreases relative to simply holding them – is a significant consideration, especially in volatile markets.
Beyond trading and lending, DeFi also offers opportunities in decentralized insurance. As DeFi protocols become more complex, so do the risks of smart contract failures, hacks, and exploits. Decentralized insurance protocols allow users to purchase coverage against these specific risks, often by staking their own assets to underwrite policies and earning premiums in return. This can be a way to generate income while also contributing to the overall security and robustness of the DeFi ecosystem.
The burgeoning world of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has captured the imagination and attention of many, offering a unique intersection of art, collectibles, gaming, and blockchain technology. NFTs are unique digital assets that represent ownership of a specific item, whether it's a piece of digital art, a virtual collectible, a gaming item, or even a piece of real estate. Unlike fungible cryptocurrencies, each NFT is distinct and cannot be replaced on a one-to-one basis.
The most direct way to make money with NFTs is through buying and selling them. This can involve acquiring NFTs at a lower price and hoping to sell them for a profit in a secondary market. This is akin to collecting physical art or memorabilia, but in the digital realm. Success in NFT trading often requires a keen eye for emerging trends, an understanding of artist popularity, project roadmaps, and community sentiment. Platforms like OpenSea, Rarible, and Foundation are primary marketplaces for trading NFTs. However, the NFT market is known for its extreme volatility and speculative nature. Many NFTs can quickly lose value, and the market is prone to bubbles. Researching the artist, the project's utility, and the rarity of the NFT is essential.
Creating and selling your own NFTs is another significant avenue, particularly for artists, musicians, writers, and creators of all kinds. By tokenizing their digital creations, artists can sell them directly to a global audience, often retaining a percentage of future resales through smart contract royalties. This empowers creators by cutting out traditional intermediaries and allowing them to monetize their work directly. The challenge here lies in building an audience, marketing your work effectively, and understanding the technical aspects of minting an NFT.
NFT-based gaming, often referred to as "Play-to-Earn" (P2E), has emerged as a compelling model. In these games, players can earn valuable in-game assets in the form of NFTs or cryptocurrencies by playing. These assets can then be sold on secondary markets for real-world value. Axie Infinity was an early pioneer in this space, allowing players to earn by breeding, battling, and trading virtual creatures. While P2E games can offer income opportunities, they often require an initial investment in NFTs to start playing, and the sustainability of the P2E model can be debated, with many relying on a constant influx of new players.
Furthermore, opportunities exist in renting out your NFTs. For certain high-value or in-demand NFTs, such as rare in-game items or virtual land in metaverses, owners can choose to rent them out to other players for a fee. This provides a passive income stream for the NFT owner while allowing players who might not be able to afford outright ownership to access the benefits of the NFT. Platforms are emerging to facilitate this NFT rental market.
Beyond these more direct methods, there are also ways to participate in the growth and infrastructure of the NFT ecosystem. This can involve becoming an NFT curator, advising new projects, or even developing tools and platforms that support the NFT market. As the NFT space matures, there will likely be a growing demand for specialized services and expertise.
It's important to reiterate that engaging with blockchain technology for financial gain, whether through cryptocurrencies, DeFi, or NFTs, inherently involves risks. Volatility, regulatory uncertainty, smart contract vulnerabilities, and the potential for scams are all factors to consider. A thorough understanding of the technology, meticulous research, and a robust risk management strategy are not just advisable; they are essential. Start small, educate yourself continuously, and only invest what you can afford to lose. The potential for financial empowerment through blockchain is immense, but it requires diligence, patience, and a forward-thinking approach to navigate its exciting and ever-evolving landscape. By understanding these diverse avenues and approaching them with informed caution, you can begin to unlock your financial future in the decentralized age.
The world of cryptocurrency, once a niche fascination for tech enthusiasts and cypherpunks, has exploded into a global phenomenon. For many, the initial allure was the promise of decentralization, a new digital frontier free from the shackles of traditional finance. But as the market matured and its potential became more apparent, a new, equally compelling narrative emerged: the possibility of turning your understanding of this revolutionary technology into a source of income. This isn't just about getting rich quick; it's about strategically leveraging your growing knowledge in a dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape.
Many individuals dip their toes into the crypto waters with a degree of trepidation, often fueled by sensational headlines about astronomical gains or devastating crashes. The initial learning curve can feel steep, with a lexicon of terms like "blockchain," "private keys," "smart contracts," and "tokenomics" swirling around. Yet, beneath the surface complexity lies a powerful opportunity for those willing to invest the time to truly understand. The first and most critical step in turning your crypto knowledge into income is to cultivate a deep and nuanced understanding of the underlying technology and the market dynamics.
This isn't about memorizing price charts or chasing the latest meme coin. It's about grasping the fundamental principles. Why does Bitcoin have value? What problem does Ethereum solve with its smart contracts? How do decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols work, and what risks are associated with them? What are the potential use cases for non-fungible tokens (NFTs) beyond digital art? Answering these questions will build a solid foundation, enabling you to make informed decisions rather than relying on speculation or hype. Resources abound, from reputable crypto news outlets and educational platforms to in-depth whitepapers and academic research. Engage with them actively, ask questions, and seek out diverse perspectives.
Once you've established a foundational understanding, you can begin to explore the various avenues for income generation. These can broadly be categorized into active and passive income streams, each with its own set of requirements, risks, and potential rewards.
Active Income: Engaging Directly with the Market
Active income in crypto typically involves direct participation in market activities. This is where your knowledge translates into real-time decision-making and execution.
Trading: This is perhaps the most well-known, yet often the most challenging, active income strategy. Trading involves buying and selling cryptocurrencies with the aim of profiting from price fluctuations. It requires a deep understanding of technical analysis (chart patterns, indicators), fundamental analysis (project news, adoption rates), market sentiment, and risk management. Successful traders don't just react; they develop strategies, backtest them, and adhere to strict discipline. This can range from day trading, where positions are opened and closed within a single day, to swing trading, holding assets for days or weeks, to longer-term position trading. However, it's crucial to approach trading with caution. The volatility of the crypto market means significant losses are possible, especially for beginners. Start small, educate yourself thoroughly on trading strategies, and never invest more than you can afford to lose.
Arbitrage: This strategy exploits price differences for the same asset across different exchanges. If Bitcoin is trading at $30,000 on Exchange A and $30,100 on Exchange B, an arbitrage trader can buy on A and immediately sell on B, pocketing the $100 difference (minus fees). This requires speed, efficient execution, and often automated trading bots to capitalize on fleeting opportunities. It's less about predicting market movements and more about exploiting inefficiencies, making it a more predictable, albeit often lower-margin, income source for those with the technical means.
Yield Farming and Liquidity Providing in DeFi: Decentralized Finance has opened up exciting new avenues for active income. Yield farming involves lending your crypto assets to DeFi protocols to earn interest and rewards, often in the form of the protocol's native token. Liquidity providing is similar, where you deposit pairs of assets into a decentralized exchange (DEX) to facilitate trading, earning transaction fees and sometimes additional token rewards. This strategy requires understanding smart contract risks, impermanent loss (a risk associated with providing liquidity), and the economics of different DeFi protocols. The potential for high Annual Percentage Yields (APYs) can be attractive, but so can the associated risks. Thorough due diligence on the protocols you interact with is paramount.
NFT Flipping and Creation: Non-Fungible Tokens have carved out a significant niche. For creators, this means minting and selling their own digital art, music, or collectibles. For others, it involves "flipping" NFTs – buying them at a lower price and reselling them at a profit. This requires an eye for emerging trends, an understanding of the NFT market dynamics, knowledge of different blockchain marketplaces, and the ability to identify undervalued or potentially high-demand projects. The speculative nature of the NFT market means success can be unpredictable, but for those with a keen sense of digital culture and market timing, it can be a lucrative endeavor.
Crypto Content Creation and Education: If you've developed a strong grasp of crypto concepts, you can monetize that knowledge by creating educational content. This could involve writing blog posts, creating YouTube videos, hosting webinars, or developing online courses. Building a community and providing valuable insights can attract an audience, which can then be monetized through advertising, affiliate marketing (promoting crypto products or services), sponsorships, or direct sales of your educational materials. This approach leverages your communication skills and your expertise, allowing you to earn income while also helping to educate others in the space.
The key to success in active income generation is continuous learning, adaptation, and rigorous risk management. The crypto market is a living, breathing entity, constantly evolving with new technologies and market participants. What works today might not work tomorrow. Therefore, staying informed, honing your skills, and maintaining a disciplined approach are non-negotiable.
Passive Income: Earning While You Sleep
Passive income in crypto aims to generate revenue with minimal ongoing effort once the initial setup is complete. While "passive" is often used loosely, these methods require upfront knowledge and investment, and some level of maintenance.
Staking: Many Proof-of-Stake (PoS) cryptocurrencies allow you to "stake" your holdings, essentially locking them up to support the network's operations in exchange for rewards. This is akin to earning interest on a savings account, but often at a much higher rate. Different staking mechanisms exist, including staking directly on a network, using staking pools, or staking through exchanges. Understanding the lock-up periods, reward structures, and risks associated with specific cryptocurrencies is essential. Some PoS coins offer attractive staking yields, making it a popular way to earn passive income while holding an asset long-term.
Lending: Beyond DeFi protocols, centralized crypto lending platforms allow you to lend your digital assets to borrowers and earn interest. These platforms often have simpler interfaces than DeFi, but they come with their own set of risks, primarily counterparty risk (the risk that the platform itself fails or is compromised) and the risk of the borrower defaulting. Thorough research into the reputation and security measures of lending platforms is vital before depositing your funds.
Master Nodes: Some blockchain networks utilize masternodes, which are specialized nodes that perform specific functions for the network, such as enabling instant transactions or privacy features. Running a masternode often requires a significant upfront investment in the cryptocurrency and a technical setup. In return, masternode operators receive regular rewards. This is a more technical form of passive income, requiring some understanding of server management and network infrastructure.
Crypto Savings Accounts: Similar to traditional savings accounts, some platforms offer crypto savings accounts where you can deposit your cryptocurrencies and earn a fixed interest rate. These are typically offered by centralized exchanges or specialized financial services. As with lending, due diligence on the platform's security and financial stability is paramount.
The appeal of passive income lies in its potential to generate returns on your crypto assets without requiring constant active management. However, it's crucial to remember that no passive income stream is entirely risk-free. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, the specific platforms or protocols involved, and the associated risks is just as important as with active income strategies. The crypto world is still relatively young, and security breaches, protocol exploits, and market downturns can impact even the most passive of income streams. Therefore, diversification across different income-generating strategies and assets is a wise approach to mitigate risk.
As you embark on this journey, remember that building a sustainable income from your crypto knowledge is a marathon, not a sprint. It requires dedication to learning, strategic planning, and a healthy dose of patience. The rewards, however, can be substantial, offering a unique opportunity to participate in and profit from the financial revolution of our time.
Continuing our exploration of turning crypto knowledge into income, we’ve established the foundational importance of deep understanding and outlined active and passive income streams. Now, let's delve deeper into the practicalities, risk management, and the mindset shifts necessary to transform your expertise into tangible financial gains. This phase is about refining your approach, mitigating potential pitfalls, and fostering a sustainable path to crypto-driven income.
The Art of Risk Management: Your Financial Shield
In the volatile landscape of cryptocurrency, risk management isn't merely a suggestion; it's an absolute imperative. Without a robust risk management strategy, even the most brilliant insights can be undone by a single, poorly managed trade or investment.
Diversification: This is the golden rule. Don't put all your digital eggs in one blockchain. Spread your investments across different cryptocurrencies with varying use cases and market capitalizations. For example, holding a portion in a large-cap, established coin like Bitcoin, some in a promising altcoin with strong fundamentals, and perhaps a small allocation to more speculative, high-growth potential assets. Diversification also extends to your income streams. If you're pursuing active trading, don't rely solely on one trading strategy. Similarly, if you're engaging in DeFi, don't deposit all your assets into a single protocol. Spreading your risk across multiple assets and strategies is crucial.
Position Sizing: This is about determining how much capital to allocate to any single trade or investment. A common guideline is to never risk more than 1-2% of your total portfolio on a single trade. This means that even if a trade goes completely wrong, the impact on your overall capital will be minimal and manageable. Understanding your risk tolerance and applying disciplined position sizing prevents catastrophic losses from wiping out your portfolio.
Stop-Loss Orders and Take-Profit Targets: For active traders, stop-loss orders are non-negotiable. These automatically sell an asset when it reaches a predetermined price, limiting your potential losses. Conversely, take-profit targets automatically sell an asset when it reaches a desired profit level, locking in gains and preventing greed from causing you to hold on too long and watch profits evaporate. These tools, when used in conjunction with a well-defined trading plan, provide crucial emotional and financial discipline.
Due Diligence (DYOR - Do Your Own Research): This mantra cannot be stressed enough. Before investing in any cryptocurrency, protocol, or platform, conduct thorough research. Understand the project’s whitepaper, the team behind it, its tokenomics, its competitive landscape, and its real-world use cases. For DeFi protocols, scrutinize smart contract audits and understand the potential vulnerabilities. For staking or lending platforms, research their security measures and track record. Never rely solely on influencers or social media hype. Your own informed judgment is your most valuable asset.
Understanding Impermanent Loss (in DeFi): For those providing liquidity in DeFi, understanding impermanent loss is critical. This occurs when the price ratio of the two assets in a liquidity pool changes compared to when you deposited them. While you earn trading fees, you might end up with a lower dollar value of assets than if you had simply held them in your wallet. Recognizing this risk and managing your liquidity provision strategies accordingly is key to profitability.
Security Best Practices: Protecting your crypto assets is paramount. This means using strong, unique passwords, enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) on all exchanges and wallets, and utilizing hardware wallets for storing significant amounts of crypto. Be wary of phishing scams, fake websites, and unsolicited offers. Secure your private keys diligently; losing them means losing your funds forever.
Cultivating the Right Mindset: The Emotional Edge
Beyond technical knowledge and risk management, your psychological approach to the crypto market plays a pivotal role in your success.
Patience and Long-Term Vision: The crypto market is notoriously volatile. Understanding that significant price swings are normal and that building wealth takes time is crucial. Avoid impulsive decisions driven by fear of missing out (FOMO) or panic selling during downturns. Cultivate a long-term perspective, focusing on the fundamental growth and adoption of the technologies you invest in.
Discipline and Emotional Control: Greed and fear are the twin enemies of profitability. Develop a trading or investment plan and stick to it, even when market sentiment is extreme. Learn to detach your emotions from your investments. Celebrate small wins, but don't let them lead to overconfidence. Learn from losses without letting them paralyze you.
Continuous Learning and Adaptability: The crypto space is an ever-evolving frontier. New technologies, protocols, and market trends emerge constantly. A successful income earner must be committed to continuous learning, staying updated on industry developments, and adapting their strategies as needed. What was a profitable strategy last year might be obsolete today.
Focus on Value Creation: Instead of solely chasing price appreciation, consider how you can add value to the crypto ecosystem. This could be through contributing to open-source projects, providing helpful content, or building innovative applications. Often, where value is created, profitability follows.
Realistic Expectations: While the potential for high returns exists, it's vital to maintain realistic expectations. Avoid the allure of "get rich quick" schemes. Sustainable income generation is built on consistent effort, smart decisions, and a deep understanding of the risks involved.
Monetizing Your Knowledge: Beyond Trading and Staking
While trading, staking, and DeFi are prominent income generators, your crypto knowledge can be monetized in other, less direct, yet equally valuable ways.
Consulting and Advisory Services: If you've developed a strong expertise in a specific area of crypto, such as blockchain development, tokenomics design, smart contract security, or DeFi strategy, you can offer your services as a consultant to individuals or businesses. This requires a proven track record and strong communication skills.
Auditing and Security Analysis: The demand for security in the crypto space is immense. Individuals and companies with a deep understanding of smart contract code and blockchain security can offer auditing services to identify vulnerabilities in projects before they are launched or exploited.
Community Management and Moderation: Many crypto projects rely on vibrant online communities for growth and support. Individuals with strong communication and organizational skills can find opportunities in managing and moderating these communities, fostering engagement and providing support to users.
Technical Writing and Documentation: Clear and accurate documentation is vital for any blockchain project. Those with strong technical writing skills can contribute by creating user guides, API documentation, and explanatory articles, earning income through their ability to translate complex technical concepts into accessible language.
Affiliate Marketing: As mentioned earlier, if you have an audience or a platform, you can earn income by promoting reputable crypto exchanges, wallets, or services. This requires transparency and only recommending products you genuinely believe in.
The Journey Ahead: From Seeker to Creator
The transition from simply understanding crypto to actively generating income from it is a rewarding, albeit challenging, process. It demands a commitment to continuous learning, a disciplined approach to risk, and a resilient mindset. The crypto market offers a wealth of opportunities, but these opportunities are most effectively seized by those who invest in their knowledge, understand the underlying mechanics, and approach the space with a strategic and informed perspective.
By focusing on building a solid educational foundation, implementing robust risk management strategies, cultivating an emotionally resilient mindset, and exploring diverse income-generating avenues, you can effectively transform your crypto knowledge from a mere interest into a powerful engine for financial growth. The digital frontier is vast and dynamic, and for those equipped with the right knowledge and approach, it presents an unparalleled opportunity to become not just a participant, but a creator of value and income in the new digital economy.